Objective To realize pathogens and infection characteristics of acute respiratory infections in children. Methods 1 410 hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection were selected from a hospital in 2011. Seven types of viruses(parainfluenza virus Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ , Influenza virus A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovi-rus) were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay, bacteria were cultured. Viral infection rate in different months, different ages, and associated infection were analyzed. Results Of 1 410 specimens, 594 (42. 13%) were detected positive for virus, and the main viruses were respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus; 258 (18. 30%) specimens were detected positive for bacteria. Virus detection rates were high in March, April, October and No-vember(all＞50%), while low in July-September (22. 89% - 31. 40%) ; Virus detection rate was high in 1 - 3 year agegroup(58. 04%), while low in 6 - 14 year age group (22. 15%). Mixed virus were detected in 22 (1.56%) specimens, 157 children (27. 45%) had co-infection of single virus and bacteria. The co-infection rate of influenza virus A or B and bacteria was 47. 06 % and 47. 27 % respectively. Conclusion Respiratory virus infection rate in children is associated with age and season. After viral infection, the associated bacterial infection is relatively higher, influenza virus A and B are more easily associated with bacterial infection.%目的 了解儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原体及其感染特点.方法 选取某院2011年1-12月因急性呼吸道感染收治住院的患儿1 410例,采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒(包括副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,流感病毒A、B型,呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒),培养法检测细菌.分析不同月份、年龄段儿童病毒感染率及其合并细菌感染情况.结果 1 410份标本中,共检出病毒阳性594份(42.13%),以呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒为主;检出细菌阳性258份(18.30%).3、4、10、11月份病毒检出率较高(均＞50%),7-9月病毒检出率较低(22.89%~31.40%);1～3岁组病毒检出率较高(58.04%),6～14岁组检出率较低(22.15%).检出病毒混合感染阳性标本22份(1.56%);单一病毒感染患儿合并细菌感染157例(27.45%).流感病毒A、B型感染组合并细菌感染率较高,分别为47.06%、47.27%.结论 儿童呼吸道病毒感染率与年龄和季节均相关;病毒感染后患儿合并细菌感染率较高,其中流感病毒A、B型感染更易合并细菌感染.
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