Objective To study the effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene transfection on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) transplantation in the process of injured vascular endothelium repair. Methods EPCs were cultured and expanded in vitro. EPCs were transduced with pseudotyped retroviral vectors expressing eNOS gene (pMCV-eNOS-EPCs) or green fluorescent protein gene (pMCV-GFP-EPCs). EPCs with expressing eNOS, GFP or saline were injected respectively into rat injured artery model by tail vein injection after balloon injury and again 24 hours. 14 days after transplantation. eNOS expression in injured artery was detected by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical methods. The morphology of arterial intima and media was studied by optical microscopy and image analysis system. Results Compared with GFP-EPCs group and control group, the mRNA and protein of eNOS were obviously high expressed in eNOS-EPCs group. EPCs transplantation reduce lumen stenosis and inhibit neointimalhyperplasia (eNOS-EPCs group vs.control group, 0.58±0.05 vs. 1.56±0.21, P < 0.01;GFP-EPCs group vs. control group, 0.84±0.09 vs.1.56±0.21, P < 0.05). eNOS gene transfection could further enhance this anti-proliferative effects (eNOS-EPCs group vs. GFP-EPCsgroup,0.58±0.05 vs. 0.84±0.09, P < 0.05). Furthermore, eNOS modified EPCs could improve the endothelial function of injured vascular endothelium. Conclusions eNOS gene transfection could increase the anti-proliferative effect of EPCs transplantation on injured artery and obviously ameliorate endothelial function.%目的：探讨内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）基因修饰的内皮祖细胞（EPCs）移植对大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后新生内膜增生的影响。方法将携带eNOS基因的逆转录病毒载体pMCV-eNOS或携带绿荧光蛋白（GFP）的空病毒载体pMCV-GFP分别转染体外培养的EPCs，得到pMCV-eNOS-EPCs和pMCV-GFP-EPCs。分别将转染的pMCV-eNOS-EPCs、pMCV-GFP-EPCs或生理盐水从尾静脉移植至颈动脉内皮损伤大鼠模型。术后14 d采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、蛋白质印迹法、免疫组织化学及苏木素-伊红（HE）染色方法进行检测。结果 eNOS-EPCs组eNOS信使RNA（mRNA）及蛋白表达水平较GFP-EPCs组及对照组显著增高。与对照组比较，球囊损伤后14 d EPCs移植可显著抑制新生内膜的过度增殖，血管腔狭窄程度显著减轻[eNOS-EPCs组（0.58±0.05）比对照组（1.56±0.21），P＜0.01；GFP-EPCs组（0.84±0.09）比对照组，P＜0.01]。eNOS过表达可进一步增强EPCs的抗增殖效应[eNOS-EPCs组（0.58±0.05）比GFP-EPCs组（0.84±0.09），P＜0.05]，显著改善内皮依赖性血管舒张反应。结论 eNOS基因修饰可有效促进EPCs对损伤血管内膜的抗增殖作用，显著改善血管内皮功能。
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