The diagnosis and acute treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn ( HDN) remain as a serious problem due to ABO or Rh incompatibility. There has been significant advances in diagnosis and treatment of prenatal and postnatal he-molysis. The early intervention treatment for pregnant woman and inlrauterine red cell transfusion in treatment of severe fetal HDN enable the increased survivals. Intensive phototherapy,exchange transfusion, blood transfusion and intravenous immu-noglobulin are still the main measures to prevent and treat postnatal HDN such as hyperbilirubinemia.kernicterus and anemia. The mortalities of perinatal newboms and HDN have been greatly reduced.%ABO或Rh血型不合新生儿溶血病的诊断和紧急处治仍是严重问题.产前和产后溶血病的诊治已有明显进展.孕妇早期干预治疗及宫内输红细胞治疗严重胎儿溶血病使胎儿存活增加.强力光照治疗、换血、输血和静脉输注免疫球蛋白仍然是防治新生儿溶血病高胆红素血症、核黄疸和贫血的主要措施围产期胎儿和新生儿溶血病痛死率大为减少.
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