Objective To evaluate the temperament of 3-7 years old children in Urumqi nursery institutions with Chinese version CAREY children behavioral style questionnaire ( BSQ).Methods Stratified sampling was used to select 12 representative nursery institutions in Urumqi, and BSQ for 3-7 years old children was used to test temperament .The results were analyzed in terms of nation , age and sex . Results There were differences in the aspects of nations , age and gender .Activity level and reaction threshold were relatively stable , while other dimensions were vulnerable to the influence of the environment with certain plasticity .As children grow, their temperament characteristics tended to be positive .Conclusion Entering nursery institution is a major event , which will cause certain changes of dimensions of temperament .The educator should put emphasis on temperament evaluation for newly entering children .They should provide education according to children ’ s temperament so as to ensure healthy psychology and good personality .%目的：采用中文版CAREY儿童气质问卷（ Behavioral style questionnaire，BSQ）对乌市托幼机构的3～7岁儿童气质进行评估分析。方法按分层随机选取乌鲁木齐市有代表性的12家托幼机构，用3～7岁儿童BSQ进行气质测查，按族别、年龄、性别进行统计学分析。结果3～7岁儿童的气质特点存在民族、性别及年龄差异，比较维吾尔族与汉族儿童的气质差异，反应强度的气质维度有显著性差异（t＝2．563，P＜0．05）。性别差异：男生活动水平较女生高（t＝3．118，P＜0．05），女生趋避性较男生倾向退缩（t＝-2．021，P＜0．05），女生反应强度较男生更加强烈（t＝-2．016，P＜0．05），女生反应阈较男生低（t＝-3．213， P＜0．05，差异具有统计学意义。年龄差异：活动水平、坚持性、节律性、注意分散度四个维度有差异（ F值分别为7．363、6．451、2．612、4．725，均P＜0．05）。活动水平和反应阈两个气质维度的发展具有相对的稳定性，其它维度则易受环境的影响，具有一定的可塑性。随着年龄增长，儿童气质特点趋向积极方向发展。结论入托幼园所是儿童期的重大生活事件，会导致部分气质维度出现一定程度的改变。幼教工作者应重视初入园儿童的气质评估工作，针对每位儿童独特的气质特点，实施与之相适应的教育方式，保证儿童的心理健康发展，塑造良好个性。
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