Objective To explore the etiological factors and clinical features of pleural effusion in children. Methods The clinical data of 54 children with pleural effusion in our department during August 2007 and July 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The major cause of the 49 patients with pleural effusion was infection. Among them, there were 32 patients with py-ogenic infection, 11 patients with pneumonia mycoplasma infection, 4 patients with tuberculosis infection and 2 patients with para-gonimiasis infection; five non-infectious patients included Kawasaki disease (3 patients) , nephrotic syndrome (1 patient) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1 patient). In terms of a certain etiology, the causes of pleural effusion in different ages of children patients were different. In pyogenic infection, the number of children at the age ≤3.0 was significantly larger than that of children at the age of 3.1-7.0 and over 7.1; while in pneumonia mycoplasma infection, the number of children at the age ,≤3.0 years was smaller than that of children at the age of 3.0-7.0 and over 7.1, and those at the age over 7.1 had higher risk of infection. Among 54 patients, 42 patients were cured, 8 patients improved, 3 patients did not improve and 1 patient died after confirmed diagnosis and corresponding treatment. Conclusion The leading cause of pleural effusion in children is infection with the major causes being pyogenic infection, pneumonia mycoplasma infection and TB infection. Prevalent causes vary in age.%目的 探讨儿童胸腔积液的病因及临床特征.方法 对我科2007年8月-2012年7月收治的儿童胸腔积液54例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组胸腔积液病因以感染因素居首位共49例,其中化脓性感染32例,肺炎支原体感染11例,结核感染4例,并殖吸虫感染2例；非感染因素5例,包括川崎病3例,肾病综合征及非霍奇金淋巴瘤各1例.就某一病因而言,不同年龄患儿引起胸腔积液的原因有所差异,在化脓性感染中,≤3.0岁患儿明显多于3.1～7.0岁及≥7.1岁患儿；在肺炎支原体感染中≤3.0岁患儿少于3.0 ～7.0岁及≥7.1岁患儿,且以≥7.1岁儿童高发.54例明确诊断并治疗后痊愈42例,好转8例,未愈3例,死亡1例.结论 儿童胸腔积液病因以感染因素居首位,且以细菌、肺炎支原体、结核感染为主,不同年龄病因有所差异.
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