Wireless sensor networks are composed by energy limited node energy efficient, therefore the routing algorithm is the base line of sensor network. The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy ( LEACH) routing proto-col has some deficiencies that cluster - head nodes selection is unreasonable and cluster - head nodes consume exces-sive energy in the process of long distance data transmission, so an improved routing protocol was proposed in this pa-per. In setuping clustering phase, the remaining energy and the position of the sensor node were taken into the process of cluster - head selection. Then choosing nodes with lower residual energy and bad position as cluster -heads were avoided, which provides the energy load's proportionality of sensor node. In the steady state, cluster -head send its data to the sink node by one hop or mufti - hop. Compared with classical algorithm LEACH, simulation results show that the improved LEACH algorithm has better energy balance and achieves an obvious improvement on the network life time.%研究无线传感器网络路由算法,无线传感器网络由能量有限的节点组成,因此高效节能的路由算法是无线传感器网络组网的基础.针对低功耗自适应分簇(LEACH)路由算法存在簇首节点选择不合理以及簇首节点与基站在远距离通信过程中能量消耗大的不足,提出了一种改进的LEACH路由算法.改进的算法在簇建立阶段的簇首选举过程中,引入节点剩余能量因素,且进行均匀分簇,有效地降低剩余能量较小和位置不佳节点成为簇首的可能性,均衡了网络的能量消耗,在簇稳定工作阶段,节点间的数据传输采用单跳和多跳相结合的通信方式,从而降低网络能耗.仿真结果表明,与传统的LEACH算法相比,改进的LEACH算法能量均衡性更好,并显著地延长了网络的存活时间.
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