This paper introduced the advantages and disadvantages of the domestic and foreign impact-echo test instrument and system,described the basic principle of testing the thickness of concrete slab by impact-echo method,analyzed the main influence factors of impact-echo method through the model experimental research by scanning impact-echo test system,provided the basis for improving the accuracy and reliability of the impact-echo method to test the thickness of concrete slab.%介绍了国内外冲击回波检测仪器及测试系统的优缺点，阐述了冲击回波法检测混凝土板厚度的基本原理，并采用扫描式冲击回波检测系统，通过对模型的试验研究，分析冲击回波法检测混凝土板厚度的主要影响因素，对提高冲击回波法检测混凝土板厚度的准确度和可靠性提供了依据。
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