创业是经济增长的重要驱动力，而教育财政支出是影响创业的重要政策工具。为深入研究教育财政支出对创业的影响，本文利用2011年中国省级数据和中国家庭金融调查微观数据进行实证研究。研究表明，总体而言，教育财政支出的增加促进了当地居民的创业。当考虑到中国居民的创业类型主要为生存型创业时，研究进一步发现，初等、中等教育财政支出有助于居民的生存型创业，而高等教育财政支出有助于居民的机会型创业。生存型创业成为主要创业类型的重要原因是中国居民的受教育程度普遍偏低，缺乏机会型创业的必要门槛。基于研究结论，本文的政策启示是，政府应加大教育财政支出，特别是高中、高等教育财政支出，提升居民的受教育程度，从而促进居民的机会型创业，促进中国经济与就业的增长。%Entrepreneurship provides impetus for economic growth. As an important policy instruments, education expenditure greatly affect entrepreneurship. To study the effect, the paper made an empirical study using the Chinese provincial data and the data of China Household Finance Survey in 2011. The study showed that the increase of education expenditure promoted entrepreneurship of local residents. Considering the main type of entrepreneurship in China was survival, entrepreneurship, primary and secondary education expenditures contributed to survival entrepreneurship and higher education expenditure contributed to opportunistic entrepreneurship. The issue behind survival entrepreneurship dominance was that residents required more higher education which set the threshold for opportunistic entrepreneurship. The policy implication was that local government should increase education expenditure, especially fiscal expenditure on high school education and higher education to promote the opportunistic entrepreneurship finally driving China’s economy and employment growth.
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