Due to the special living environment , marine microalgae can synthesize high value-added metabolites and become an important way of natural antibiotics screening. In this study , the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts and the fractions against four kinds of pathogenic bacterias were detected with filter paper method. And the crude extracts from petroleum ether phase (PE) were separated and purified by methods of column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that six kinds of extracts all presented strong inhibitionl effect on Escherichia coli under higher test concentration. Besides , the extracts from Ethanol phase showed high inhibition activities on the other three test bacterials , but the crude extract from PE only had certain antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extracts from ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butyl alcohol (BA) showed obvious inhibition effect on Monilia albican. The crude extract of PE was further separated to abtain three high purity components , and the complexity analysis results showed that PEⅢ-5-1 was chlorophyll compounds, PEⅤ-1 included was the highest ketones, accounting for 55.74%, followed by ester, and PEⅤ-2 was the most esters, accounting for 50.54%, followed by ketones and organic acids.%海洋微藻因其特殊的生存环境使其可以合成高附加值的代谢产物而成为天然抗菌素筛选的重要途径。采用纸片法对微拟球藻的不同极性提取物及其分离组分进行抗4种病原菌活性研究，并采用柱层析和薄层层析方法对石油醚提取物进行进一步的分离纯化及成分分析，结果显示：6种提取物在较高的受试浓度下对大肠杆菌都呈现出较强的抑菌活性，此外，乙醇相提取物对其它3种受试菌都表现出明显的抑制效果，而石油醚相对铜绿假单胞菌有一定的抑菌活性，乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相提取物对白色念珠菌有明显的抑菌效果。石油醚相提取物进一步分离获得3个纯度较高的组分，成分分析结果显示PEⅢ-5-1为叶绿素类化合物；PEⅤ-1中酮类物质含量最多，占55.74%，其次是酯类；PEⅤ-2中含量最多的是酯类，占50.54%；其次是酮类和有机酸类。
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