全球气候变化背景下,“低碳经济”已成为全球热点,被誉为人类第四次“技术革命”,温室气体排放已经深度触及了农业和粮食安全.低碳农业成为经济社会发展的必然趋势.当前,低碳农业已由理论构想转向了科学实践,其发展途径主要包括:(1)发展新型能源,推广清洁技术；(2)优化耕作制度,提高复种指数；(3)培育优良品种,延长减排链条；(4)改进施肥技术,优化养分管理;(5)实施保护耕作,减少碳素流失；(6)合理开发草业,保护草地资源；(7)发展生物能源,推行过腹还田；(8)整治养殖污染,实施规模养殖.发展低碳农业的保障机制主要涉及:(1)完善相关法律法规；(2)转变农业发展方式；(3)大力依靠科技进步；(4)民众广泛参与.发展低碳农业、实现资源的可持续利用,对增强农业的基础地位、通过农业措施来缓减全球气候变化具有重要的战略意义.%Low-carbon economy has become a global hot spot, known as the Fourth Technological Revolution under global climate change. At present, greenhouse gas emissions have already imperiled agriculture and food security. Low-carbon agriculture becomes the inevitable trend of economic and social development. Currently, the concept of low-carbon agriculture has turned from scientific theory to practices, including its approach to development: (1) development of new energy resources, promoting clean technologies; (2) optimize the farming systems, raising multiple cropping index; (3) develop and popularize fine varieties to extend the chain of emission reduction; (4) improve the fertilization techniques, optimize the nutrient management; (5) implementation of conservation tillage, reduce carbon loss; (6) rational development of grass industry, protection of grassland resources; (7) development of bio-energy resources, raising the application of cattle manure; (8) farming pollution remediation and extending scale livestock breeding. Safeguard mechanisms of the low-carbon agriculture development include: (1) improve relevant laws and regulations; (2) the adjustment of economic growth mode; (3) rely on scientific and technological progress; (4) increase public participation. Development of low-carbon agriculture is important for sustainable use of resources and enhanced the agriculture foundation, through agricultural measures to mitigate global climate change has important strategic significance.
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