Airway hyperresponsiveness is a strong contraction of the bronchus caused by a variety of physical or chemical stimulation, obvious bronchial spasm constriction is the main pathophysiological characteristics. The most effective clinical anti-inflammatory drugs to treat respiratory diseases are glucocorticoids. Topical application can act on almost all cells in the airways and suppress airway inflammation or prevent inflammatory cells from entering the airways. Inhaled glucocorticoids as a local airway medication can reduce the production of immune inflammatory mediators, inhibit the production of inflammatory factors, and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness. Glucocorticoids regulates gene transcription through certain mechanisms that affect the production and release of most inflammatory mediators. Glucocorticoids by inhalation is very effective for most patients with less systemic side effects.%气道高反应性是由于各种物理或者化学刺激引起的支气管强烈收缩,且病理生理特征以小支气管明显痉挛收缩为主.临床上用于治疗呼吸道疾病最有效的抗炎药物是糖皮质激素,局部应用可以作用于气道内几乎所有的细胞,并且抑制气道炎症或阻止炎症细胞进入气道.吸入性糖皮质激素作为局部气道用药可通过减少免疫炎症介质的生成,抑制炎症因子产生,降低气道高反应.糖皮质激素通过某些机制来调节基因转录进而影响大多数炎症介质产生和释放.通过吸入的糖皮质激素对于大多数患者非常有效且全身不良反应少.
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