Recent studies have suggested that periodontitis is a risk factor for some adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight. The pathophysiological correlation between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy mainly depends on inflammatory reaction and immune response. Not all periodontitis cases lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, and this finding has aroused discussionsin genetics. Genetic polymorphisms of cytokines and receptors related to inflammatory reaction and immune response can be used to evaluate the susceptibility and severity of these diseases. This review extensively discusses the mechanisms of genetic polymorphism between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes to identify susceptibility genes and provide new information for prevention and clinical treatment.%牙周炎可能是早产、子痫前期以及胎儿生长受限和低体质量儿不良妊娠的危险因素，二者在病理生理学基础上的相关性主要来自宿主对疾病产生的炎症反应和免疫应答。并非所有牙周炎都会引起不良妊娠，这一发现引发了学者对这两种疾病遗传学的研究。与上述炎症反应和免疫应答相关的某些细胞因子和受体的基因多态性，可作为衡量这两种疾病易患性和严重程度的指标。本文从遗传多态性方面进一步探讨孕妇牙周炎与不良妊娠之间的作用机制，以确定其高危致病基因并进行联合筛查，为预防和临床治疗提供新信息。
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