微小核糖核酸（miRNA）广泛存在于各种动植物及微生物中，参与生物发生、细胞分化和程序性细胞死亡等多种生命进程，是基因表达关键的转录后调控因子。骨组织的发生、分化、增殖和重建与miRNA有着密切的联系。本文就miRNA的发现、生成机制、作用机制、生物学特性以及miRNA与成骨细胞、破骨细胞之间的关系等研究进展作一综述，以利于开发新的针对治疗骨丧失和促进骨愈合的治疗方法，同时为促进口腔种植治疗中的骨整合进而促进种植体的成功开拓新的视野。%Micro ribonucleicacid(miRNA) is key post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression, which widely exists in all kinds of plants and animals and microorganisms and participates in the biology growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and so many kinds of life processes. Hence, the formation, differentiation, proliferation and remodeling of bone are closely associated with miRNA. This review will highlight our current understanding of miRNA and mechanisms of action in bone remodeling. An in-depth understanding of the roles of the regulatory miRNA in bone remodeling will be crucial for the development of new therapeutics, which aim at treating bone loss and facilitating fracture repair. Meanwhile, this will raise a new sight of facilitating osseointegration and the success of implants.
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