采用平均差值分析、相符率分析等方法，对即墨市国家一般气象站旧站1985～2014年气象要素进行纵向变化分析，对2014年台站搬迁过程中新、旧站的同期气象资料进行横向对比，查找要素差异，系统分析探测环境变化对主要气象要素的影响。结果表明，1985～2014年探测环境改变，引起旧站气温升高，风速显著减小，主导风向存在年际突变，年降水量比新站明显偏少。在各要素变化过程中，城镇化引起的探测环境改变是造成气温、风向、风速等要素改变的主要因素，站址变迁引起的探测环境改变与降水量的变化密切相关。因此加强气象探测环境保护，保持台站长期稳定，对保证气象要素的连续性、代表性、准确性十分重要。%Using mean difference analysis, coincidence rate analysis, the changes of meteorological elements in general stations of Jimo City during 1985-2014 were analyzed, meteorological data in the same period of the new and old stations in 2014 were compared to find differ-ences among elements, effects of detection environment on main meteorological elements were studied.The results showed that due to the change of detection environment, temperature of old stations increased, wind speed significantly decreased, predominant wind direction existed annual mutation, annual precipitation was less than new stations obviously.The change of detection environment caused by urbanization was main factor influencing temperature, wind direction, wind direction, while station site change was closely related with precipitation.So it is very important to strengthen the protection of meteorological sounding environment and maintain the long-term stability of the station, which can guarantee the continuity, representation and accuracy of the meteorological elements.
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