[目的]研究马5-HT受体基因与性格性状之间的关系,为优良马匹的鉴定、合理利用与品种改良提供理论基础.[方法]首先进行问卷调查,选取60匹蒙古马,采集血样,提取相关DNA,设计引物,然后进行PCR和PCR-SSCP分析,最后将问卷调查结果与相关基因多态性结合,对每匹蒙古马性格进行综合评价和统计分析.[结果]HTR1b基因BB型马在对人友好、协作性、温顺性、忍耐性、合群性方面特征明显,AB型在好奇性、警戒性、易激动性等方面特征明显.HTR1b基因上A1316G与马的好奇性、警戒性、易激动性有关.HTR1a上游基因的5种基因型中,AB基因型、CC基因型的个体在"友好型"的特征较AA型、BB型、BC型高.CC基因型在警戒调查中极显著.说明CC基因型G735C可能与马的警戒性有关.HTR1a下游基因的3种基因型中,BB、AB基因型在"友好型"的特征较BC型高,BC型在好奇性方面得分最高.说明BC基因型G1461A、T1472C可能与马好奇性有关.[结论]不同的基因型对马匹的性格如友好性、好奇性、易激动性等具有很大的影响.%[Objective]The purpose was to research the correlation between the receptor gene 5-HT in horse and its temperament and characters so as to provide a theoretical basis for the identification, reasonable utilization and cultivar improvement of excellent horses. [Method]Sixty Mongolian horses were selected out through questionnaire survey at first, then their blood samples were collected and the relative DNAs were extracted from the blood samples and the primers were designed for PCR and PCR-SSCP analyses. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation and statistical analysis were performed on the temperament of each Mongolian horse through combining questionnaire results with relative gene polymorphism. [Result]The horses with BB genotype of HTR1b gene were obviously friendly to human and had obvious collaboration, gentleness, patience and gregariousness and that with AB genotype of HTR1b gene had obvious curious behavior, vigilance and inflammability. A1316G in gene HTR1b was related to the curious behavior, vigilance and inflammability of horse. Among the 5 genotypes of upstream gene of HTR1a, the horses with AB or CC genotypes were more friendly than that with AA, BB or BC genotypes and the horses with CC genotype was extremely significant in vigilance survey. It was shown that CC genotype G735C may be related to the vigilance of horse. Among the 3 genotypes of downstream gene of HTR1a, the horses with BB or AB genotypes were more friendly than that with BC genotype and the horses with BC genotype got highest scores in curious behavior. It was shown that BC genotypes G1461A and T1472C may be related to the curious behavior of horse. [Conclusion]The different genotypes had very great influences on the temperaments of horses, such as friendliness, curious behavior and inflammability.
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