校车的生产及其安全问题受到社会的广泛关注。依照中国2012年颁布的新校车被动安全性标准，作者所在单位，自主研制了长头校车。为研究其正面碰撞、侧面碰撞和后部碰撞工况下的整车结构安全性能，包括车体结构的碰撞力、变形，及假人各部分的加速度、负荷等参数，进行了校车法规中规定的顶压、侧翻类碰撞的仿真与试验。在仿真分析基础上，对关键承载结构，如座椅结构及相关固定件、车架前端吸能区的部件，改进了设计方案。结果表明：仿真结果与试验结果相一致，证明了该仿真结果是可信的；改进后的该校车结构，具有较高的防撞性能，减少了事故对乘员的伤害，因此，能满足被动安全性法规要求。%The production of school buses and its safety problems have been wide spread concerned by public. A new style long-nose school bus was produced by the authors' company according to the new passive safety regulations for school buses promulgated in China in 2012. Simulations and tests were done for the roof strength, rol over under the guide of school bus regulations items to evaluate safety performances, such as the col ision forces and the deformations of vehicle structure, and the accelerations and the loads in some parts of dummies under boundary condition offrontal impact, side impact and rear crash.Based on the simulation analysis, the design scheme was improved for some crucial load bearing structures, such as seat system, and energy-absorbing crush zone.The results show that the consistent of simulation with the experimental results evidences the credibility of simulation analysis;and that the improved school-bus-structure has higher crashworthiness than before. Therefore, itminimizes the damage to passengers in road accidents, and then, satisifes passive safety regulation demands.
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