Scholars began to examine the differences between boys and girls in choices of toys and play activities from the beginning of the 20th century. Research in recent years manifests that there are differences between them in play activities and ground choices, play content and structure, companions and toy choices, as well as social behavior in play and arithmetic in preschools and kindergartens. The explanations of these differences by theories of cognitive development, social skills learning and biology could direct gender equality education in kindergartens.%20世纪初有学者开始研究男女儿童之间的性别差异。近年来的研究表明，学前儿童在游戏活动类型和活动场所选择、游戏的内容和结构、同伴和玩具的选择、游戏中的社会行为以及数学等学科的学习方面都存在着显著的性别差异，认知发展理论、学习理论和生物学理论等对此的不同解读，有助于用基于性别差异的理论研究指导幼儿的性别教育实践。
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