目的：探讨膝关节交叉韧带在不同运动状态下的生物力学特性及其损伤机制，为临床寻找重建膝关节韧带的高效技术提供有效依据。方法选择于2014年1月至2015年12月骨科经过临床检查、问诊及影像学检测拟定的膝关节交叉韧带损伤患者64例作为观察对象，在患者自愿和医生建议的前提下对所有患者先后在屈膝角度为0º、30º、60º及90º进行生物力学特性相关指标分析。结果相对于胫骨，股骨容易产生位移，以前后位移为主，其中0º时位移最小，30º时位移最大，差异有统计学意义（ t =3.664，P =0.014）。前交叉韧带随着屈膝角度变化，其在30º时的应变力最大，其他角度变化不大，差异有统计学意义（ t =3.274，P =0.037）；后交叉韧带随着角度增大其应变力逐渐增大，在0º时应变力最小，90º时应变力最大，差异有统计学意义（ t =2.975，P =0.028）；内外侧副韧带随着屈膝角度增大其应变力逐渐减小，0º时应变力最大，90º时最小，差异有统计学意义（ t =3.169，P =0.031；t =3.477，P =0.018）。膝关节随着屈膝运动角度增大而使膝关节疼痛率逐渐增大，其在0º时疼痛率最小，在90º时最大，差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.665， P =0.024）。结论膝关节韧带损伤时股骨容易产生位移，以前后位移为主，其他方向的位移与角度的变化较小，在不同屈膝角度之间的变化不大；前交叉韧带应变力随着屈膝角度变化，其在30º时的应变力最大，而后交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和外侧副韧带随着屈膝角度增大其应变力逐渐减小；膝关节疼痛率随着屈膝运动角度的增大而逐渐增大。%Objective To investigate the biomechanical characteristics and its damage mechanism of the knee cruciate ligament in the under different motion state,providing the effective basis for the clinical reconstruction of the knee ligament. Methods A total of 64 orthopedic patients with the injury on the knee cruciate ligament were recruited as the study objects with clinical examination,interrogation and imaging detection. They were analyzed the related indexs of biomechanical characteristics in knees angle for 0o,30o,60o and 90o. Results Relative to the tibia ,the femur was easy to produce the displacement,mainly was anterior and posterior displacement,the displacement was the minimum when 0o,the displacement was the maximum when 30o,and the difference was statistically significant( t =3. 664,P =0. 014). The resilience of anterior cruciate ligament was changed with the angle of knees,the resilience was the maximum when 30o,other angles were with the little change,and difference was statistically significant( t =3. 274,P =0. 037). The resilience of posterior cruciate ligament was gradually increased with the angle of knees,the resilience was the minimum when 0o,the resilience was the maximum when 90o,and difference was statistically significant( t =2. 975,P =0. 028). The resili-ence of medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament were gradually decreased with the angle of knees,the resilience was the maximum when 0o,the resilience was the minimum when 90o,and difference were statistically significant( t =3. 169,P =0. 031;t =3. 477,P =0. 018). The pain rate of knees was increased gradually with the angle of knees,the pain rate was the minimum when 0o,the pain rate was the maximum when 90o,and difference was statistically significant(χ2 =3. 665,P =0. 024). Conclusion The displacement of the femoral ligament is mainly caused by the displacement of the femoral ligament and the change of the displacement and angle in the other direction is small. The change of the flexion an-gle of the anterior cruciate ligament is different with the knee flexion angle. The maximum strain force at 30o,while the posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament with the increase of knee flexion angle of the strain gradually reduced;The knee joint pain rate gradually increased with the angle of knee movement.
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