Objective To analyze the bacterial structure and drug sensitivity test in our hospitalized children with pneumonia in order to provide evidence for clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs.Methods Bacterial i-dentification and sensitivity analysis were done for 465 sputum specimens of pediatric patients with pneumonia in our hospital.Results 97 strains of pathogenic bacteria were extracted from 465 sputum specimens,which included 91 . 75% of G-bacilli and 8.25%of G+bacilli.The top 4 bacteria were as follows:40 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia (41.24%),26 strains of Escherichia coli (26.80%),1 0 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (1 0.31%)and 6 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (6.1 9%).The detective rate of β-ESBLs in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were 65.39% and 50.00% respectively.Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were completely resistant to Amoxicillin and Piperacillin and highly resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics.Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were almost all sensitive to imipenem and meropenem,and high sensitive to aminoglycosides,quinolones and piperacillin+tazobactam and cefoxitin.Conclusion The most common pathogenic bacteria of pediatric patients with pneumonia in our hospital is G-bacilli,and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae show multidrug-resistance.%目的：分析我院小儿肺炎的细菌构成及药敏情况。方法收集我院465例确诊为肺炎患儿的痰标本进行细菌培养及药敏分析。结果465例痰标本中分离致病菌15种共97株，阳性率（20.86％）。其中G－杆菌占91.75％，而G＋球菌仅占8.25％。位列前四位的细菌是：肺炎克雷伯菌40株（41.24％），大肠埃希菌26株（26.80％），阴沟肠杆菌10株（10.31％），金黄色葡萄球菌6株（6.19％）。大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs检出率分别为65.39％、50.00％。肺炎克雷伯菌及大肠埃希菌对阿莫西林、哌拉西林全部耐药，对头孢类抗生素耐药率也相当高。对亚胺培南、美罗培南几乎全部敏感，对氨基甙类及喹诺酮类抗生素敏感率高，对哌拉西林＋他唑巴坦、头孢西丁敏感率亦较高。结论本院小儿肺炎的致病菌以G－杆菌为主，大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌多重耐药现象严重。
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