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首页> 中文期刊> 《中国水产科学》 >象山港黄姑鱼的食物组成与摄食习性

象山港黄姑鱼的食物组成与摄食习性

         
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摘要

Wild populations of Nibea albiflora are supplemented by release of hatchery individuals in Xiangshan Bay. There is little information describing the basic biology of N. albiflora, which hinders efforts to improve the supplementation program. We evaluated the diet composition and prey selection of N. albiflora in Xiangshan Bay. We collected 365 N. albiflora individuals from Xiangshan Bay between October 2011 and September 2012, and analyzed the stomach contents and the prey species from them. We used dietary prey species percentage in weight, dietary prey species percentage in number, and occurrence frequency of species in stomach content to analyze the organism composition in diets. We used the importance index (IRI) and IRI%to determine the importance of the prey species in diets, used the empty stomach rate and stomach fullness index to evaluate the feeding intensity of fish, and used selection index Va to verify certain species of N. albiflora selection. We identified 34 prey species in the stomachs of N. albiflora, suggesting it was a generalist. Shrimps were the dominant prey groups. At the species level, the main prey items were Palaemon macrodactylus, Palaemon gravieri, Oratosquilla oratori, Alpheus hop-locheles, and Alpheus japonicas. Feeding activity varied seasonally and with ontogeny. The feeding intensity was lowest in winter and in large-sized individuals (>190 mm). Feeding activity was also correlated with gonad matu-ration. The diet composition of N. albiflora was similar in autumn, winter, and spring, consisting primarily of Pa-laemon macrodactylu, Palaemon gravieri, Oratosquilla oratori, and Marsupenaeus japonicas, whereas the diet in summer consisted of Palaemon macrodactylus, Exopalaemon carinicauda, and Solenocera crassicornis. Shrimps were the dominant prey groups of small-sized individuals (80-220 mm), whereas the marine fishes and Oratos-quilla oratori were the dominant prey groups of large-sized individuals (>220 mm). N. albiflora strongly preferred Palaemon macrodactylus (V=0.145, χ2=4.192, P<0.05) and Alpheus hoplocheles (V=0.141, χ2=3.957, P<0.05). Penaeus japonicas was abundant in the environment, but it was negatively selected in the diet (V=-0.174,χ2=6.030, P<0.05) of N. albiflora. The feeding selectivity of N. albiflora was related to the composition and indi-vidual size of food organisms in the environment. To a certain degree, the prey animals’ ability to escape predators and the length of the individual also affected the feeding ecology of N. albiflora individuals. The conclusions im-ply the N. albiflora in Xiangshan Bay has abundant feed resources and the prey species are various, and the com-position of prey species and feeding intensity in different season or different body size class are variational, and this species has a unique feed selection and ecology. It suggests that the distribution of prey organism for N. albiflora in Xiangshan Bay should be considered during the selection of releasing scope, releasing season and re-leasing spot for the purpose of conservation and enhancement of this species.%利用2011年10月至2012年9月在象山港水域采集的365尾黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)样本,结合其生物环境的同步调查数据,采用胃含物中饵料生物质量百分比(W%)、个数百分比(N%)和出现频率(F%)分析其饵料生物组成,采用相对重要性指数(IRI)和百分比相对重要性指数(IRI%)衡量各饵料生物的重要性；采用空胃率和胃饱满指数分析黄姑鱼的摄食强度；采用选择性指数 Va检验黄姑鱼对某种饵料生物是否具有选择性。研究表明,黄姑鱼的饵料生物共34种,主要摄食虾类,其中巨指长臂虾(Palaemon macrodactylus)、葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、刺螯鼓虾(Alpheus hoplocheles)和日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)等是黄姑鱼主要的摄食对象。黄姑鱼的摄食强度受季节和体长变化影响,冬季的摄食强度最低；体长大于190 mm 个体的摄食强度较低。此外,性腺发育对摄食强度也存在一定影响。春、秋和冬季黄姑鱼主要以摄食巨指长臂虾、葛氏长臂虾、口虾蛄和日本鼓虾等为食；夏季以巨指长臂虾、脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)和中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)等为食。体长80~220 mm的黄姑鱼主要以小型虾类为食,而体长大于220 mm的黄姑鱼主要摄食鱼类、口虾蛄等较大个体的饵料生物。选择性指数计算结果显示,巨指长臂虾(选择性指数为0.145,χ2=4.192, P<0.05)、刺螯鼓虾(选择性指数为0.141,χ2=3.957, P<0.05)是其偏好食物,日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)(选择性指数为-0.174,χ2=6.030, P<0.05)则属不易获得食物。结论认为,黄姑鱼在象山港水域有着广泛的食物来源,摄食种类多样,不同季节和体长组的食物组成和摄食强度有所变化,具有独特的食物选择性和摄食习性。建议在今后的黄姑鱼增殖养护工作中,实时监测象山港水域黄姑鱼的种群变化动态,结合港内黄姑鱼饵料生物的分布状况,确定黄姑鱼合理的增殖放流规模和放流地点,以争取最优的生态功效。

著录项

  • 来源
    《中国水产科学》 |2013年第6期|1284-1292|共9页
  • 作者

    林楠; 姜亚洲; 袁兴伟; 郭靖; 凌建忠; 杨林林; 李圣法;

  • 作者单位

    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所;

    农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所;

    农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所;

    农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所;

    农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;

    上海 200090;

    上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院;

    上海 201306;

    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所;

    农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所;

    农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所;

    农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;

    上海 200090;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类 水产资源;
  • 关键词

    黄姑鱼; 食物组成; 摄食习性; 食物选择; 象山港; 东海;

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