儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶(catechol-O-methyltransferase,COMT)基因编码产生儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶,该基因的遗传变异可能影响COMT的表达量及代谢活性,致使中枢神经系统的儿茶酚胺神经递质的有效浓度发生变化,导致中枢神经系统功能异常而与精神分裂症相关.本文对COMT基因的遗传多态性、遗传变异进行了综述,包括COMT基因的SNP、单倍型与精神分裂症的关系,与攻击或暴力行为的关系,与精神分裂症患者额叶认知功能的关系等.COMT基因遗传变异与精神分裂症患者攻击或暴力倾向的相关性研究对于司法精神病鉴定具有潜在的应用价值.%Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) gene encodes catechol-O-methyltransferase, the variant of this gene may affect the expression and metabolic activity of COMT. As the result of the changes of the effective concentration of the catecholamine neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, central nervous system dysfunctions associated with schizophrenia. This review summarizes genetic polymorphism and diversity of COMT gene. It also elaborates the relation between SNP and haplotype of COMT gene and three aspects, which including schizophrenia, attacking and violent tendency, and the frontal cognitive function of the schizophreniac. The correlativity study between genetic variation of the COMT gene and schizophrenia in patients with attacking and violent tendency may be helpful for the assessment of forensic psychiatry.
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