为探讨不同植被恢复类型对矿山废弃地土壤理化性质的影响,对焦作缝山公园5种不同植被类型土壤理化性质与裸尾矿进行差异性、相关性、主成分分析.研究结果表明:植被恢复能明显改善土壤理化性质,改善效果与植被类型有关;植被恢复后,土壤有机质和养分质量分数明显增加,土壤有机质质量分数提高了5.04~9.57倍,全磷质量分数提高了1.44~1.96倍,全钾质量分数为裸尾矿的1.76~1.92倍,全氮质量分数为裸尾矿的1.56~2.11倍,速效钾质量分数达到裸尾矿的2.32~4.32倍,不同植被恢复类型土壤有机质和养分质量分数均呈现显著性差异;土壤全氮与有机质、铵态氮之间存在极显著正相关关系,与硝态氮之间均存在一定相关性,表明土壤氮素主要以有机氮的形式存在于有机质中;土壤有机质与全氮、全钾和速效钾之间均呈极显著正相关关系,表明土壤有机质与其具有相同的消涨趋势;土壤全钾与其他理化指标均有良好相关性,表明全钾对土壤养分质量分数具有明显的指示作用;土壤全氮与pH、电导率之间呈极显著负相关,表明土壤盐碱化会导致土壤氮素贫乏;草地对尾矿土壤理化性质综合改良效果最好,其次为常绿针叶林,落叶阔叶林和灌木林对土壤的改良效果较小,针阔混交林对土壤的改良效果不明显.%In order to investigate the effects of different types of vegetation restoration on the soil physical and chemical properties of mine wasteland,five kinds of soils from different vegetation restoration types were investigated and compared with bare tail mine in Jiaozuo Fengshan park.The differences of soil physical and chemical properties under different vegetation restoration types were compared by single factor analysis of variance.The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated and the soil quality of different vegetation restoration types was analyzed by principal component analysis.The results showed that:(1)vegetation restoration could effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties,and the improvements are related to vegetation types.(2)compared with bare tailings,soil organic matter and nutrient contents increased significantly.Soil organic matter content increased by 5.04~9.57 times,the total P content increased by 1.44~1.96 times,the total K content was about 1.76~1.92 times of the bare tailings,the total N content was about 1.56~2.11 times of the bare tailings,the available P content is 2.32~4.32 times that of the bare tailings.The soil organic matter and nutrient contents of different vegetation restoration types showed significant difference.(3)there was a significant positive correlation between soil total nitrogen and organic matter and ammonium nitrogen,and there was a certain correlation with nitrate nitrogen,indicating that soil nitrogen was mainly present in organic matter in the form of organic nitrogen.There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and total N,total K and available K,indicating that soil organic matter had the same trend of increasing consumption.Besides,there was a good correlation between soil total potassium and other physical and chemical indexes,indicating that total potassium had obvious indication on soil nutrient content.In addition,there was a significant negative correlation between soil total nitrogen and pH and conductivity,indicating that soil salinization could lead to soil nitrogen deficiency.(4) the improvement effect of grassland on soil physical and chemical properties was the best,followed by evergreen coniferous forest,deciduous broad~leaved forest and shrub forest had little effect on soil improvement,and the effect of coniferous and broad~leaved mixed forest on soil is not obvious.
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