According to the theory of rational action,the theory of planed behavior and the theory of social cognition,scientists construct the theoretical model which is about factors which affect physical exercising behavior of peasant.In addition,scientists adopt questionnaire method and the analysis meth-od of Amos structural equation model to testify the relationship of physical behavioral attitude,subj ec-tive standard,behavioral control,behavioral cognition,self-efficiency,behavioral intention and train-ing behavior.The result indicates that the factors of physical exercising behavior of peasant not only con-tain “behavioral attitude”,“subj ective standard”,“behavioral control”,but also cover “behavioral cog-nition”,“self efficiency”,“behavioral intention”.Among them,the five variants ,“behavioral atti-tude”,“subj ective standard”,“behavioral control”,“behavioral cognition”,“self-efficiency”,can ex-plain jointly the 63% variation of “behavioral intention”,and the six variants that are “behavioral atti-tude”,“subj ective standard”,“behavioral control”,“behavioral cognition”,“self efficiency”,“behav-ioral intention”can account jointly for the 80% variation of “exercising behavior”.It follows that the theoretical model of factors about physical exercising behavior of peasant is comparatively reasonable , and it can explain,predict the physical training behavior of peasant.%以理性行为理论、计划行为理论、社会认知理论和自我效能理论为依据，构建了农民体育锻炼行为影响因素的理论模型，并采用问卷调查法和 Amos结构方程模型分析法验证了体育行为态度、主观规范、行为控制、行为认知、自我效能、行为意向与锻炼行为之间的关系。结果表明：农民体育锻炼行为影响因素不仅包括“行为态度”“主观规范”和“行为控制”，还包括“行为认知”“自我效能”和“行为意向”，其中“行为态度”“主观规范”“行为控制”“行为认知”“自我效能”五个变量可以联合解释“行为意向”变量63%的变异量，“行为态度”“主观规范”“行为控制”“行为认知”“自我效能”“行为意向”六个变量可以联合解释“锻炼行为”变量80%的变异量。由此可见，农民体育锻炼行为影响因素理论模型构建较为合理，该模型可以解释和预测农民的体育锻炼行为。
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