卵母细胞质量是影响人类辅助生殖技术（ART）成功率的关键因素之一。目前临床数据和基础研究结果均显示，部分ART促排卵过程中获得的卵母细胞在纺锤体组装、基因表达、细胞器形态与功能等方面均存在一定的异常，这可能导致形成的胚胎发育率降低，并对子代长期健康产生一定的风险。因此，鉴定出最具发育潜能的卵母细胞，能够优化移植过程，改善ART结局，降低ART风险。然而，在体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）卵母细胞或胚胎选择时，缺乏可靠而客观的预测卵母细胞发育潜能的指标，妨碍了该技术的临床应用。综述现今用于评估卵母细胞质量的方法，以期为临床应用提供一定的依据与指导。%Oocyte quality is one of the key factors that affect the efficiency of human assisted reproductive technology (ART). Current clinical data and basic research results showed that a part of oocytes from ART were abnormal in spindle assembly, gene expression, organelle morphology and function, etc. Those abnormalities could lead to lower rate of embryo development and some long-term health risks of offspring. Thus, the identification of the most competent oocyte can optimize translation process and improve the outcome of ART. However, the lack of reliable and objective predictive marker for oocyte/embryo selection during IVF-ET greatly hindered the clinical application of this technology. This article reviewed the existing methods to evaluate the oocyte quality, providing us some basis and guidance for clinical practice.
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