阐述了提取练习对学习的促进作用及发生，提取式学习的有效性体现在，能加强学习情境背景细节的记忆，减少搜索，锁定目标。其成果表现为，“中国式”课堂测试应给予鼓励；简答式测试对记忆的促进优于选择式；延时反馈相比即使反馈更促进学习等。同时，分析了提取式学习对程序性知识的应用上涉及较少，缺乏相关脑机制研究等问题。最后提出，在未来更注重真实教育教学方面的实践推广、远程教育如 MOOC 学习等。%The promoting effect and the functioning mechanism are expounded and it is stated that the effectiveness of the retrieval-based learning lies in that it could strengthen the memory of the situational and contextual details of learning back-ground,and help reduce searching,and is capable of a faster and effortless targeting.The results showed the “Chinese”class-room tests should be encouraged;short answer as a type of testing for the promotion of memory was superior to multiple choices;compared with prompt feedback,delayed feedback promotes learning in a larger degree,etc.At the same time,it is found that the retrieval-based learning finds fewer applications in the memory of procedural knowledge and is lacking in related brain mechanisms research.Finally,in future,greater attention should be given to real education practice,remote education like the MOOC learning,etc.
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