为探明不同施氮量对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分、面粉色泽的调控效应，明确蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分与面粉色泽间的关系，在河南郑州进行了两年2种筋力型小麦品种（郑麦366和矮抗58）不同施氮水平的定点试验。结果表明，小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和蛋白质含量均随施氮量的增加显著增加，两年结果表现一致。强筋小麦郑麦366产量和品质均提高的最佳施氮量为N225kg／hm。，而中筋小麦矮抗58为N150～225kg／hm。。蛋白质各组分随施氮量增加的变幅因品种不同存在差异。随施氮量增加两个小麦品种的面粉色泽亮度（L’值）降低，红度（a’值）增加。相关分析表明，面粉色泽亮度（L‘值）与蛋白质和醇溶蛋白含量呈显著负相关（P≤0．05），红度（a’值）与蛋白质及各蛋白质组分含量呈极显著正相关（P≤0．01），黄度（b‘值）仅与球蛋白含量呈极显著负相关（P≤0．01）。因此，施氮量显著影响小麦的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量，施氮量对面粉色泽的影响在不同品种和不同年度间存在差异。%Application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is one of the most important measures to increase grain yield and protein quality of winter wheat. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield, protein quality and flour color of winter wheat, the experiment was conducted in Zhengzhou of Henan province during cropping seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Strong-gluten wheat eultivar, Zhengmai 366, and medium- strong gluten eultivar, Aikang 58 were planted. The results indicate that the increase of N-fertilizer could significantly increase the grain and protein yields, and protein contents of winter wheat in two cropping seasons. Both the highest grain yield and protein yield of Zhengmai 366 are got in the treatment of nitrogen application of 225 kg/ha. For Aikang 58, under the N-fertilizer rates from 150 kg/ha to 225 kg/ha the highest value of grain yield and protein yield are obtained. All protein compositions in grains are increased with the increase of N - fertilizer application, but the extent varies between two cnltivars. N -fertilizer rates affect flour a* -values of the two cuhivars and b * -value of Zhengmai366 significantly. With N - fertilizer increase, flour L * -values of the two cultivars are declined, while the a * -values are increased. The correlation analysis between protein compositions and flour color parameters show that the flour L* - value is significant negatively correlated with the protein content and gliadin (P ≤ 0. 05 ), the a*-value is significant positively correlated with the protein content and its compositions ( P ≤ 0. 01 ), and the b * -value is negatively correlated with the globulin content (P≤0. 01 ). From the results we conclude that nitrogen application rate significantly influences the grain yield and protein content, and changes flour color parameters of winter wheat,but the response might vary between wheat cuhivars and different years.
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