Embryo implantation is a critical step of human reproduction,which depends on the synchronization between embryo development and establishment of endometrial receptivity. Endometrial receptivity refers to the ability of the uterine lining to accept and accommodate a nascent embryo. A related concept regarding a "window of implantation" that means a period of receptivity when endometrium-embryo interactions occur,which also focuses our collective understanding of pregnancy loss and infertility. Complex mechanism is involved in the regulation of endometrial receptivity. We have learned some anatomical and functional markers of endometrial receptivity by using morphology, secretomics and endometrial biopsy study. The changes of endometrial morphology include the changes of morphocytology, histomorphology and sonomorphology. Timely regulation of the expression of a number of complex molecules, such as hormones, cytokines and growth factors,also reflect the state of endometrium. So, proper assessment of endometrial receptivity could instruct our early intervention in assisted reproduction technology(ART). There are several intervening measures such as endometrial scratch, immunoglobulin or husband blood lymphocyte antibodies injection, uterine perfusion and so on. Some researches found that uterine perfusion with HCG 500 IU/ml or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)300 μg/ml could be a new and potential intervention for improving the endometrial receptivity,but it still needs lots of clinical trials to prove out.
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