歧义现象是指在特定的语言环境中，人们对某种语言形式可以有不止一种理解。英语歧义大致有语用歧义、语音歧义、语法歧义和语义歧义四种基本类型。指示语不明、语境缺失、会话含意和间接言语行为会引起语用歧义；同音异义、连读、语调和重音变化会产生语音歧义；而一词多义、同形异义词和情态动词又会造成语法歧义；修饰词修饰不明、否定词限定模糊和V+ ing形式则会出现语义歧义。针对这些歧义类型，写作者或读者可通过语境增设、同义词更换、结构变换、句子填充、语音停顿或者重读等策略来消除英语歧义。%Ambiguity means that some linguistic forms can be interpreted in more than one way in some specific language environment. English ambiguity can be classified into four types: pragmatic ambiguity, phonological ambiguity, grammatical ambiguity and semantic ambiguity. The causes of pragmatic ambiguity are explored from the perspectives of vague dexis, lack of context, conversational implicature and indirect speech acts;the causes of phonological ambiguity are discussed from the perspectives of homonym, tone, intonation and stress change;polysemy, homograph and modal verb may lead to grammatical ambiguity;unclear modifiers, negative words and V +ing form may give rise to semantic ambiguity. Based on ambiguity classification, writers or readers can elim-inate ambiguity by means of the addition of context, the replacement of synonyms, structural transformation, sen-tence filling and speech pause or stress.
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