针对某含铝炸药,分别在6 mm钢壳、硬铝壳、PVC壳及裸药柱形装药条件下进行水下爆炸实验,测量3m,5 m,7 m处冲击波压力时程曲线,获得不同装药条件下冲击波的峰值、冲量、能量及气泡脉动周期和气泡能等参数.利用AUTODYN-2D程序,对带壳装药含铝炸药水下爆炸过程进行数值模拟,通过与实验测量结果对比,验证数值仿真方法和结果的准确性.在此基础上,结合量纲分析与数值模拟方法研究填装比对冲击波波形、压力峰值及气泡脉动周期的影响规律.研究表明:填装较小时,冲击波压力峰值与冲击波能均增大；填装较大时,压力峰值与冲击波能均减小；气泡脉动周期随填装比的增加而减小；在钢壳装药下,最优填装比为1.45.有限元模型与计算结论可为水中兵器设计提供一定参考.%Underwater explosion experiments were carried out on cylindrical aluminized explosives. The charges surrounded by 6 mm thick steel casing, AL casing and PVC casing, as well as two bare charges were fired. The shock wave pressure-time curves were measured respectively at the distance of 3 m, 5 m and 7 m. The peak pressure, impulse and energy of shock wave and the bubble energy were also worked out. Numerical simulations using AUTODYN-2D support the experimental results. According to the dimensional analysis and numerical simulation, the variations of shock wave profile, peak pressure and bubble period along with the change of relative charge mass were studied. The results show that the peak pressure and energy of the shock wave will be all enhanced when the relative charge mass is small, but will decrease when the relative charge mass is too large. The bubble period of the casing charge is lower than that of the bare charge. The optimal relative charge mass is 1. 45 for the steel casing charge. The finite element model and calculation results can provide a reference for the design of underwater weapons.
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