目的 研究0～5岁儿童下呼吸道感染卡他莫拉菌的病原学特点及耐药性,为临床治疗及流行病学研究提供合理依据.方法 收集2014年9月至2016年9月4 815例0～5岁下呼吸道感染患儿病历资料进行回顾性分析.结果 4 815例下呼吸道感染患儿痰标本卡他莫拉菌培养阳性248例,检出率为5.15％,其中肺炎、支气管炎、毛细支气管炎、支气管哮喘分别占70.56％、14.52％、9.27％和5.65％;感染卡他莫拉菌患儿性别比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),不同年龄段、不同季节检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);卡他莫拉菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸和头孢噻肟敏感率大于95.0％.结论 3岁以下儿童是感染卡他莫拉菌的高危人群,且冬季检出率最高.诊治时应重视年龄和季节因素,及时行鉴定药敏试验,合理选择抗菌药物控制病情.%Objective To study the characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection by Moraxella catarrhalis in children aged from 0 to 5 years and drug resistance,so as to provide the rational basis for clinical treatment and epidemiology.Methods The medical data from 4 815 children aged 0 to 5 years with lower respiratory tract infection between September 2014 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Results Totally 248 strains of Moraxella catarrhalis were isolated from 4 815 sputum samples,with the isolation rate of 5.15 ％.Of the isolated Moraxella catarrhalis strains,70.56 ％ were isolated from the children with pneumonia,14.52％ were isolated from the children with bronchitis,9.27％ were isolated from the children with capillary bronchitis,5.65 ％ were isolated from the children with bronchial asthma.There was no significant difference in the incidence of Moraxella catarrhalis infections between the genders of the children(P＞0.05),but the incidence of Moraxella catarrhalis detection rates differed significantly in different seasons and children of different ages (P＜0.05).The drug susceptibility rates of Moraxella catarrhalis to Cefotaxime and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were more than 95.0％.Conclusion The children aged less than 3 years old are at the high risk of Moraxella catarrhalis infection and highest detection rates in winter.The age and season are important factors to make a diagnosis and give treatment,and it is necessary to perform the drug susceptibility testing in a timely manner so as to choose reasonable antimicrobial agents to control the condition.
展开▼
