In order to study the distribution of magnetic field in the magnetic⁃fluid⁃lubricate d oil⁃film bearings,three dif⁃ferent forms of the external magnetic field was exerted through the application of permanent magnet,toroidal solenoid and Helmholtz coils.Two⁃dimensional solid finite element model of magnetic field was established and analyzed to study the magnetic field distribution of three different models.The magnetic field distribution in oil film district for different models was compared.The results show that the magnetic field is different for three different models,it is mainly distributed in per⁃manent magnets,the oil film,bearing pedestal and roll part near the magnet for the permanent magnets model,mainly in the oil film,bearing pedestal and roll part near the magnet for toroidal solenoid model,and mainly in the coil and the end of the oil film for Helmholtz coils model.The magnetic field distribution of the three different models in oil film district has an end effect and presents uneven distribution along the axial,which is small in the middle and large at ends.The magnetic field distribution in oil film district is uniform along the radial direction for the permanent magnet model and toroidal solenoid model, but not uniform for the Helmholtz coils model.%为了研究磁流体润滑油膜轴承内磁场的分布情况，分别通过永磁铁、螺线管及亥姆赫兹线圈对其施加3种不同形式的外磁场。通过磁场二维实体有限元模型的数值仿真，分析在3种模型下磁流体润滑油膜轴承的磁场分布特性，并比较磁场在油膜区的分布情况。结果表明，永磁铁模型的磁场主要分布在永磁铁、油膜、轴承座以及靠近磁铁的轧辊部分，螺线管模型的磁场主要分布在油膜、轴承座以及靠近磁铁的轧辊部分，亥姆霍兹线圈模型的磁场主要分布在线圈以及油膜的端部；3种模型在油膜区磁场分布沿轴向均呈现中间小、两端大的不均匀现象，且具有端部效应；永磁铁模型和螺线管模型在油膜区磁场沿径向分布均匀，亥姆霍兹线圈模型沿径向分布不均匀。
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