为获得高阻尼性能的聚氨酯材料,本文结合高分子材料的阻尼机理合成了一系列不同分子量的聚酯二元醇/甲苯二异氰酸酯(PEA/TDI)聚氨酯共聚物,并以聚氨酯试样为阻尼层,钢板为基体制备成自由阻尼结构,利用模态分析技术研究了有机杂化小分子对聚氨酯阻尼结构阻尼性能的影响.通过苯酐-吡啶酰化法精确测定了聚酯二元醇的平均分子质量,设计合成了系列软段分子量不同和分子量不同的聚氨酯试样,通过模态分析技术对利用合成的聚氨酯试样制备的一系列不同聚氨酯阻尼结构的减振性能进行了测试,结果表明:二丁基羟基甲苯(受阻酚BHT)的加入显著提高了PEA(Mn=1000)/TDI聚氨酯阻尼结构的阻尼性能;聚氨酯分子量相同时,聚氨酯阻尼结构的阻尼性能总体上随着BHT用量的增加而逐渐提高;BHT用量相同时,随着聚氨酯分子量的提高,聚氨酯阻尼结构的阻尼性能得到改善,且在低频和高频范围内提升效果较明显.%In order to obtain the polyurethane materials with high damping performance,based on the damping mechanism of polymer materials, a series of polyester diol/toluene diisocyanate(PEA/TDI)polyurethane materials with different molecular weights were synthesized in this work. The free damping structure was prepared by using polyurethane as damping layer and steel plate as substrate.The effect of organic hybrid small molecule on the damping performance of damping structure was studied by the modality analysis technology. The average molecular weight of polyester diols was determined by phthalic anhydride-pyridyl acylation method. A series of polyurethane materials with different soft segments and different molecular weights were designed and synthesized. The damping properties of the polyurethane damping structures prepared from synthetic polyurethane samples were tested by modal analysis techniques. The results showed that the damping capacity of the PEA(Mn=1 000)/TDI polyurethane damping structure was enhanced significantly by the addition of dibutylhydroxytoluene(BHT). The damping capacity of polyurethane damping structure is increased with the increasing BHT for the polyurethane materials with the same molecular weight. When the amount of BHT is the same,the damping capacity of the polyurethane damping structure is improved with the increasing molecular weight of the polyurethane materials, and the damping performance of the polyurethane damping structure is improved obviously in the low frequency range and the high frequency range.
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