In recent years,the rapid development of medical and pharmaceutical preparation processes has greatly pro -moted the development of local anesthetic(LA).The rapid development of microsphere,liposomes,emulsifier,hydrogel tech-nology has extended the acting time and improved the effect of LA.However,with the research and development and applica-tion of new formulations of LA,the adverse reactions of LA like allergies,peripheral and central nervous system toxicity, have attracted the attention of the medical community.It is important to further understand the development, preparation, anesthesia characteristics,adverse reaction and prevention measures of these new forms of LA,which can also provide refer-ence for the clinical application of LA,and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions,and better serve the patients.%近年来医学和药学制剂工艺的迅速发展,极大地推动了局部麻醉药(LA)新剂型的研制,微球、脂质体、乳化剂、水凝胶以及微型胶囊技术快速发展,延长了局部麻醉时间,改善了局部麻醉的效果.随着各种LA新剂型的不断研发和应用,LA的不良反应如过敏反应、周围和中枢神经系统毒性等也引起了医学界的关注.了解LA新剂型研发状况、制备工艺、麻醉效果、特点、相关不良反应以及防治措施可为LA的临床应用提供参考,并减少不良反应的发生,使其更好地服务于患者.
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