半导体量子点（量子点）是纳米尺度的晶体，其具有独特的光物理性质，如荧光寿命较长、对光漂白有独特的稳定性、较大的带隙位移及狭窄对称的荧光谱峰，这些特性使量子点成为有前途的生物光学标记，如作为免疫荧光标记细胞和组织、DNA探针及单分子探针等。量子点可用于标记DNA序列或电化学检测蛋白质。该文就量子点的属性与毒性及其光学与电化学生物的分析应用，尤其是量子点在生物医学中的应用予以综述。%Semiconductor quantum dots are nanometre-scale crystals,which have unique photophysical properties,such as longer fluorescence lifetime,unique stability on photobleaching,and larger bandgap dis-placement and narrow symmetrical fluorescence spectra peak .Such properties enable quantum dots to be the promising optical labels for the biological applications ,such as immunofluorescence labeling of cells and tis-sues,DNA probe and single-molecule probes.Meanwhile,quantum dots can also be used as labels for the electrochemical detection of DNA or proteins .Here is to make a review of the properties and toxicity of quan-tum dots and their analytical applications in optics and electrochemical biology ,especially the application of quantum dots in the area of biomedicine.
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