To discover and characterize microbial members within their community and their roles in the environment,high-throughput omics approaches are being developed and applied.Among them,sequencing-and microarray-based metagenomics is the most mature key approach,providing information basis for most other omics technologies.Metatranscriptomics,metaproteomics and community metabolomics have had limited successes but already shown promising potentials.All of the omics approaches lie on the support of bioinformatics,which becomes a major bottleneck in omics applications.These new omics technologies are revolutionizing the field of environmental microbiology in revealing the genetic potentials and functional activities of microbial communities.%由于研究环境变化和微生物群落的需要,近年来高通量组学技术得到了迅猛开发和应用.其中,基于测序和芯片技术的宏基因组学是一个关键的、最成熟的组学技术,为大多数的其它组学技术提供了支撑.相比较而言,宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学和宏代谢组学也取得了少数的有限成功,但已经显示出可喜的潜力.所有的组学技术都有赖于生物信息学,使得后者成为组学技术应用的一个主要的技术瓶颈.这些新的组学技术对环境微生物学领域产生了革命性的影响,极大地丰富了我们对于环境微生物基因资源和功能活性的了解.
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