The paper studies the various arguments on the development of Chinese railway from social and academic circles based on the basic law of railway economic and social benefit. From the perspective of economics, railway has the benefit laws of two antinomy, business value added, lean production, technological improvement, institutional innovation, and state support. The author maintains that Chinese railway is at the stage of mid-term transportionization period, and has sound cargo and passenger demand which lays good foundation for further development. It＇s imperative for Chinese railway industry to reform its management system and mechanism, develop diversified operational businesses and increase value-added revenue. It becomes a necessity for the central government to reform its transportation public policy, increase input into railways, make an overall plan on railway reform and development, and promote railway gradual transformation.%针对目前社会和学术界存在的关于我国铁路产业发展态势的各种争论。从铁路效益发展的基本规律入手进行研判。从经济学理论来看，铁路效益存在着二律背反规律、业务增值规律、精益生产规律、技术进步规律、制度创新规律、国家扶持规律等六大规律，认为我国铁路产业处于运输化发展的中期阶段，有着良好的客货运输需求支撑，发展基本面良好。我国铁路需转变经营管理体制机制，大力发展多元化经营业务，提高增值收益。国家需改变交通运输公共政策，加大对铁路产业的必要投入，由铁道部统筹铁路改革与发展方案，推进我国铁路产业稳妥渐进变革。
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