The genetic diversity of chestnut was studied by RAPD molecular markers. The RAP D standardized procedure and the fingerprints database of chestnut were establis hed, which was the principal basement of chestnut breeding. The precise and reli able method identified the chestnut variety was supplied.With the 16 primers, 119 bands were produced. The 69 bands out of the 119 were p olymorphic(58%). The fingerprints database of 46 varieties was established and t he optimal combination of primers for these varieties identification was summari zed. It was shown that the four primers, out of the 16 primers which can produce d the polymorphic bands, could be used to distinguish the 46 varieties tested ef fectively. The optimal combimation of polymorphic loci was detected for variety discrimination. In order to summarize the better combination of primers, the gen etic distance matrix was calculated so as to indicate the particularity of prime rs combination.%应用RAPD分子标记手段，研究板栗品种的遗传多 样性，建立了板栗品种RAPD标记的标准程序，以及板栗品种的DNA指纹数据库，并为板栗品 种鉴别提供了准确、可靠的标准方法。46个板栗品种样品的DNA，用16个引物进行扩增反应 的位点总数为119个，产生69个多态位点。建立了46个板栗品种的DNA指纹数据库，并分析出 这些板栗品种分子鉴别的最优化引物组合。对特定的引物组合，计算品种间的遗传距离矩阵 ，从而确定引物组合对这些品种鉴别的特异性。
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