Objective:To explore the changes and clinical significances of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg/Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with different types of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection .Methods:15 patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB) ,40 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 40 patients with asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC) were recruited and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled as normal controls .The percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg /Th17 cell was assessed by flow cytometry and the mRNA levels of Foxp3/RORγt were dected by re-al-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) .The plasma levels of TGF-β1/IL-17 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Results :There was no significantly difference in the percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cell ,the mRNA expression of Foxp3 and the plasma levels of TGF-β1 between the patients with AHB and normal controls .The percentage of Th17 cell ,the mRNA expression of RORγt and the plas-ma levels of IL-17 increased significantly in patients with AHB than in normal controls .The percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg / Th17 cells ,the mRNA expression of Foxp3/ RORγt and the plasma levels of TGF-β1/IL-17 in-creased significantly in patients with CHB than in normal controls .There was no significantly difference in the per-centage of CD4+ Foxp3+ T /Th17 cells ,the mRNA expression of Foxp3/RORγt and the plasma levels of TGF-β1/IL-17 between the patients with AsC and normal controls .Conclusion :The imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells may exist in the peripheral blood of patients with HBV .Treg/Th17 cells may be associated with the state and outcome of HBV infection .%目的：探讨不同类型 HBV感染者外周血中CD4＋ Foxp3＋ Treg/Th17细胞的变化及意义。方法：分别采用流式细胞术、实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）法检测15例急性乙型肝炎（AHB）患者、40例慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者、40例无症状携带者（AsC）及30例健康对照者外周血外周血 Treg/Th17细胞百分率、核转录因3（Foxp3）/（RORγt） mRNA的表达以及血浆转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）/白细胞介素17（IL-17）的水平。结果：AHB组患者CD4＋ Foxp3＋ Treg/CD4＋ T 细胞百分率、Foxp3 mRNA及 TGF-β1水平与正常对照组相比无明显差异；而CD4＋ IL-17＋/CD4＋ T 细胞百分率、RO Rγt m RN A 及IL-17水平与正常对照组相比明显升高，差异有统计学意义。CHB组患者CD4＋ Foxp3＋ Treg/CD4＋ T 细胞百分率、Foxp3 mRNA、TGF-β1水平及CD4＋ IL-17＋/CD4＋ T 细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA、IL-17水平与正常对照组相比均明显升高，差异有统计学意义；与正常对照组相比，AsC 组患者 CD4＋ Foxp3＋Treg/CD4＋ T 细胞百分率、Foxp3 mRNA、TGF-β1水平及 CD4＋ IL-17＋/CD4＋ T 细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA、IL-17水平无明显差异。结论：在不同类型HBV感染者外周血中Treg/Th17细胞失衡，T reg/T h17细胞失衡可能与 HBV感染的状态、结局有关。
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