Vessel protective tank is the most significance device protecting the vessel from damage due to explosive fragments. The absorption process can be divided into four stages, and velocity attenuation of the fragment is analyzed. Influences of a bulkhead, submerged in water or in the air, on the damage are compared, and energy conversion performances at various fragment velocities are analyzed. It is concluded that the fragments with bigger mass and higher velocity are absorbed more significantly; deformation mechanism of the front and back bulkheads is membrane stress;most energy of the fragment is transformed to kinetic energy and internal energy of water, and the proportion of internal energy will increase with the increase of fragment velocity.%防护液舱是舰船抵御爆炸破片的重要设置。将液舱吸收爆炸破片过程分为4个阶段，分析破片速度衰减规律，对比了有无舱内液体对舱壁破损模式的影响以及破片速度对能量转换关系的影响。研究表明，液舱对大质量高速破片的吸收效果更为明显，前后舱壁的主要变形机理为膜应力，破片能量大部分转化为水的动能和内能，且随着速度增加内能的比重将增加。
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