本文介绍和评述了印度社会学本土化实践中具有代表性的理论化探索:拉达卡马尔·穆克吉对社会科学的哲学基础的新建构,杜蒙对文明视野的强调、对印度社会学结合印度学和社会学的方法论建设,马里奥特建立印度的民族社会学概念系统和理论的试验,以及M. N.斯里尼瓦斯对于本土概念分析框架的提炼.穆克吉和马里奥特建构通用理论的尝试都不算成功,却突出了作为基础的本土哲学建构的必要性问题.另一个相对更容易的路径,是积累那些依托本土的哲学、文化与历史实践而提炼出来并经过检验的概念、视角和方法.在此,人类学的内外双重视角对于本土化的理论性建构大有裨益.在印度与中国这样文明延续、本土思想传统丰厚的地方,内部视角的一个重要构成是文明视野.杜蒙和斯里尼瓦斯的例子表明,文明视野在这样的社会真正具有生产性潜能.它对于中国社会学的方法论含义,是连通传统与当代田野,将经验现实放在纵深的历史实践与价值、观念脉络之中加以观照,发现延续、深层的社会逻辑.而外来人类学家参与印度社会学本土化建构的例子,也提醒我们反思理论知识的"本土性"如何界定的问题.%This article provides an introduction to and commentary on some representative theorizing endeavors of the indigenization project of Indian sociology——Radhakamal Mukerjee's construction of a new philosophical basis for the social sciences; Louis Dumont's emphasis of civilizational perspective and his methodological innovation of combining sociology and Indology for a sociology of India; McKim Marri-ott's experiment of an Indian theoretical system of ethnosociology; and the framing of analytical indige-nous concepts by M. N. Srinivas. The attempt at general theory from either Mukerjee or Marriott doesn't really count as success, while the necessity of an indigenous philosophical construction as the basis has been highlighted. Another relatively easy approach is to accumulate those tested concepts, perspectives and methods abstracted based on indigenous philosophy, culture and historical practice. The double views from within and without of anthropology is of great help here to the indigenous theoretical construction. In a place with continuous civilization and rich intellectual resources like India and China, an important im-plication of the view from within is the civilizational perspective, which, as Dumont and Srinivas showed in their case, is of productive potential. The methodological implication of such a perspective for Chinese sociology is to connect tradition and contemporary field, to put empirical reality in the context of long term historical practice, values and ideas, so as to discover the deep and lasting social logic. Meanwhile, the cases of foreign anthropologists participating the indigenization of Indian sociology remind us to re-think the definition of"indigenousness"of the theoretical knowledge.
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