This paper presents the design of the vacuum system and the sampling system for the time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) used for space exploration, and establishes the ground experimental system for the TOFMS prototype. In order to be used in the space exploration mode and the ground experiment mode, two sets of the vacuum system are designed. A theoretical analysis model of gas sampling is established. According to the model, and with theoretical analysis and calculation, some results are obtained from the ground experiments, including the vacuum degree of the mass spectrometry chamber, the Voltage-Amu mass spectrogram of the air, the Voltage-Amu mass spectrogram of Kr sample and its sampling time. The results show that the design of the vacuum system and the sampling system is reasonable and can meet the requirements of the experiments, and the theoretical analysis model can be used to guide the experiments.%文章介绍了可用于空间探测飞行时间质谱仪的真空系统和取样系统设计，并建立了该 TOFMS 原理样机的地面试验系统。为适应空间探测和地面试验2种不同工作模式，设计了2套不同的真空系统。根据文章建立的气体样本进样的理论分析模型进行理论分析计算，并通过地面适应性试验测定了质谱室的真空度、空气的Voltage-Amu谱图、Kr样本Voltage-Amu谱图及进样时间。试验结果表明：真空系统和取样系统设计合理，能够满足试验需求；理论分析模型正确，能够用于指导试验。
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