The subject of this article is to review various field emission cathodes (FEC) used in vacuum measurement for nearly semicentury. The processing methods of FEC and application status are described mainly. Moreover, the structure characteristics of the corresponding cathodes are also illustrated. At last, the latest progress of research in FEC is introduced briefly. It is shown that the novel field emission cathodes have vast application prospect in the future, and which will promote the development in vacuum measurement greatly.%主要回顾了近半个世纪用于真空测量的多种场发射阴极,阐述其制备方法及应用现状,说明了各种阴极结构的特点,最后介绍了近几年场发射阴极制备研究的最新进展.新型场发射阴极,对于真空测量的未来发展具有重要的推动作用.
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