Load optimal distribution is the definitive factor for Joint optimization dispatching of cascade hydropower stations. Accordingly, it is significant to explore a optimization method for load distribution. A method optimizing load allocation is that all units of cascade hydropower stations was considered as one of a power station under the consideration of load optimal distribution. Meantime, different characteristics of each power station units have been reflected under the constraint condition. On this basis, mathematical model is established and MATLAB combined with the genetic algorithm toolbox was adopted to solve this problem. At last, an example was used to confirm the effectiveness and reliability of this method. The results concluded that the water consumption of cascade hydropower station has a sharp reduction in this way.%梯级电站负荷优化分配是梯级电站联合优化调度的决定性因素，因此寻求一种良好的方法来对梯级电站负荷进行合理优化分配具有非常重要的意义。本文提出了一种面向机组的梯级电站负荷优化分配方法，即在进行负荷优化分配时，将梯级电站的所有机组设想成是一个电站的所有机组，而在约束条件中体现各个电站机组的不同特性，然后建立了相应的数学模型，并用MATLAB遗传算法工具箱对该模型进行了求解，应用实例显示，应用该分配方法后，可以大大降低梯级电站的耗水量且减少优化分配时间。
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