[1]Owen School of Management Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 United States;
[2]Chang’an University Xi’an China;
[3]Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 United States;
[4]Texas A&M Transportation Institute Texas A&M University Campus Box 3135 College Station Texas 77843 United States;
Emission Impacts Analysis; Consumer Choice Model; On-road Emission;