通过微孔均匀沉积冲击器对柴油机不同负荷工况下排气中的颗粒物进行取样，采用索氏萃取法对颗粒物样品中的可溶性有机物有效提取，并结合气相色谱‐质谱联用仪对可溶性有机物的成分进行分析。结果表明：在柴油机不同工况条件下，可溶性有机物主要由烷烃类、酚类、酯类及酸类等成分组成。随着负荷的增加，各成分所占比例发生明显变化，在部分工况下，有少量的芳香烃及其衍生物（萘、菲等）出现；可溶性有机物成分中的碳原子数大致分布在C10～C35，其中C14，C16和C19所占比例较高。在高负荷工况下，可溶性有机物成分中出现了高碳链烷烃，主要来自未完全燃烧的机油或燃油添加剂。%The particulate matter was collected from the exhaust of diesel engine with micro‐orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) system under different loads .The SOF composition of particulate sample was extracted with soxhlet extraction method and analyzed with gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer .The results showed that the SOF was mainly composed of al‐kane ,phenols ,esters and acids .The proportion of each composition changed significantly with the increase of engine loads .In some test conditions ,a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives such as naphthalene and phenanthrene would form .Carbon atoms of SOF were mainly among the range of C10 ~C35 ,however the proportion of C14 ,C16 and C19 was relatively higher .At high load ,high‐carbon alkane mainly from incomplete burned lube oil and fuel additives could be seen in SOF .
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