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Age-Related Decline of Precision and Binding in Visual Working Memory

机译：视觉工作记忆中与年龄相关的精度和绑定下降

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Working memory declines with normal aging, but the nature of this impairment is debated. Studies based on detecting changes to arrays of visual objects have identified two possible components to age-related decline: a reduction in the number of items that can be stored, or a deficit in maintaining the associations (bindings) between individual object features. However, some investigations have reported intact binding with aging, and specific deficits arising only in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, using a recently developed continuous measure of recall fidelity, we tested the precision with which adults of different ages could reproduce from memory the orientation and color of a probed array item. The results reveal a further component of cognitive decline: an age-related decrease in the resolution with which visual information can be maintained in working memory. This increase in recall variability with age was strongest under conditions of greater memory load. Moreover, analysis of the distribution of errors revealed that older participants were more likely to incorrectly report one of the unprobed items in memory, consistent with an age-related increase in misbinding. These results indicate a systematic decline with age in working memory resources that can be recruited to store visual information. The paradigm presented here provides a sensitive index of both memory resolution and feature binding, with the potential for assessing their modulation by interventions. The findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms underpinning working memory deficits in both health and disease.
机译：工作记忆随着正常的衰老而下降，但是这种损伤的性质尚有争议。基于检测视觉对象阵列变化的研究已经确定了与年龄相关的衰落的两个可能的原因：可以存储的项目数量减少，或者在维护单个对象特征之间的关联（绑定）方面存在缺陷。但是，一些研究报告说，与衰老的结合完好无损，并且仅在阿尔茨海默氏病中出现特定的缺陷。在这里，我们使用最近开发的一种连续的回忆保真度测量方法，测试了不同年龄的成年人从记忆中复制被探测阵列物品的方向和颜色的精度。结果揭示了认知能力下降的另一个组成部分：与年龄相关的分辨率下降，视觉信息可以在工作记忆中得以维持。在更大的内存负载的情况下，随年龄的召回变异性增加最为明显。此外，对错误分布的分析表明，年龄较大的参与者更有可能错误地报告记忆中未探究的项目之一，这与年龄相关的误解性增加有关。这些结果表明，随着工作记忆资源的年龄的增长，系统性下降了，可以募集存储视觉信息。此处提供的范例提供了内存分辨率和功能绑定的敏感指标，并具有通过干预评估其调制的潜力。该发现对理解导致健康和疾病中工作记忆缺陷的机制具有重要意义。

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