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Reducing Postharvest Losses during Storage of Grain Crops to Strengthen Food Security in Developing Countries

机译：减少粮食作物储存期间的收获后损失以加强发展中国家的粮食安全

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摘要

While fulfilling the food demand of an increasing population remains a major global concern, more than one-third of food is lost or wasted in postharvest operations. Reducing the postharvest losses, especially in developing countries, could be a sustainable solution to increase food availability, reduce pressure on natural resources, eliminate hunger and improve farmers’ livelihoods. Cereal grains are the basis of staple food in most of the developing nations, and account for the maximum postharvest losses on a calorific basis among all agricultural commodities. As much as 50%–60% cereal grains can be lost during the storage stage due only to the lack of technical inefficiency. Use of scientific storage methods can reduce these losses to as low as 1%–2%. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the grain postharvest losses in developing countries, the status and causes of storage losses and discusses the technological interventions to reduce these losses. The basics of hermetic storage, various technology options, and their effectiveness on several crops in different localities are discussed in detail.
机译：尽管满足不断增长的人口的粮食需求仍然是全球关注的主要问题，但三分之一以上的粮食在收获后的行动中损失或浪费。减少收获后的损失，尤其是在发展中国家，可能是增加粮食供应，减轻自然资源压力，消除饥饿和改善农民生计的可持续解决方案。在大多数发展中国家中，谷物是主食的基础，在所有农业商品中，热量导致最高的收获后损失。仅由于缺乏技术效率低下，在储存阶段就可能损失多达50％–60％的谷物。使用科学的存储方法可以将这些损失降低到1％–2％。本文对发展中国家粮食收获后的损失，储存损失的状况和原因进行了全面的文献综述，并讨论了减少这些损失的技术干预措施。详细讨论了密封存储的基础，各种技术选择以及它们在不同地区的几种作物上的有效性。

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