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Relevance of Fusion Genes in Pediatric Cancers: Toward Precision Medicine

机译:融合基因在小儿癌症中的相关性:走向精准医学

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摘要

Pediatric cancers differ from adult tumors, especially by their very low mutational rate. Therefore, their etiology could be explained in part by other oncogenic mechanisms such as chromosomal rearrangements, supporting the possible implication of fusion genes in the development of pediatric cancers. Fusion genes result from chromosomal rearrangements leading to the juxtaposition of two genes. Consequently, an abnormal activation of one or both genes is observed. The detection of fusion genes has generated great interest in basic cancer research and in the clinical setting, since these genes can lead to better comprehension of the biological mechanisms of tumorigenesis and they can also be used as therapeutic targets and diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of fusion genes and their particularities in pediatric cancers, as well as their relevance in murine models and in the clinical setting. We also point out the difficulties encountered in the discovery of fusion genes. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and priorities for finding new innovative therapies in childhood cancer.
机译:小儿癌症与成人肿瘤有所不同,特别是它们的突变率非常低。因此,它们的病因可以通过其他致癌机制(例如染色体重排)得到部分解释,从而支持融合基因可能在小儿癌症的发展中。融合基因是由染色体重排导致的,导致两个基因并列。因此,观察到一个或两个基因的异常激活。融合基因的检测在基础癌症研究和临床环境中引起了极大的兴趣,因为这些基因可以更好地理解肿瘤发生的生物学机制,并且还可以用作治疗靶标和诊断或预后生物标志物。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了融合基因的分子机制及其在儿科癌症中的特殊性,以及它们在鼠模型和临床环境中的相关性。我们还指出了发现融合基因时遇到的困难。最后,我们讨论了在儿童癌症中寻找新的创新疗法的未来观点和重点。

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