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The Fountain of Youth: A Tale of Parabiosis Stem Cells and Rejuvenation

机译：青春之源：共生生物干细胞和复兴的故事

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Transfusion (or drinking) of blood or of its components has been thought as a rejuvenation method since ancient times. Parabiosis, the procedure of joining two animals so that they share each others blood circulation, has revitalized the concept of blood as a putative drug. Since 2005, a number of papers have reported the anti-ageing effect of heterochronic parabiosis, which is joining an aged mouse to a young partner. The hallmark of aging is the decline of regenerative properties in most tissues, partially attributed to impaired function of stem and progenitor cells. In the parabiosis experiments, it was elegantly shown that factors derived from the young systemic environment are able to activate molecular signaling pathways in hepatic, muscle or neural stem cells of the old parabiont leading to increased tissue regeneration. Eventually, further studies have brought to identify some soluble factors in part responsible for these rejuvenating effects, including the chemokine CCL11, the growth differentiation factor 11, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, and oxytocin. The question about giving whole blood or specific factors in helping rejuvenation is open, as well as the mechanisms of action of these factors, deserving further studies to be translated into the life of (old) human beings.
机译：自古以来，血液（或其成分）的输血（或饮用）一直被认为是一种复兴方法。共生是将两只动物结合在一起，使它们彼此共享血液循环的过程，它使血液作为推定药物的概念得以复兴。自2005年以来，许多论文都报道了异时性共生的抗衰老作用，该行为将一只年老的老鼠与一个年轻的伴侣结合在一起。衰老的标志是大多数组织的再生特性下降，部分归因于干细胞和祖细胞功能受损。在共生生物实验中，优雅地表明，来自年轻的系统环境的因素能够激活旧共生生物的肝，肌肉或神经干细胞中的分子信号传导途径，从而导致组织再生增加。最终，进一步的研究已经确定了部分可归因于这些恢复活力的可溶性因子，包括趋化因子CCL11，生长分化因子11（TGF-β超家族成员）和催产素。关于提供全血或帮助复兴的特定因素的问题以及这些因素的作用机制尚待解决，值得进一步研究以转化为（老年人）的生活。

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