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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Two types of quasi-liquid layers on ice crystals are formed kinetically
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Two types of quasi-liquid layers on ice crystals are formed kinetically

机译：冰晶上形成两种类型的准液层

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Surfaces of ice are covered with thin liquid water layers, called quasi-liquid layers (QLLs), even below their melting point (0 °C), which govern a wide variety of phenomena in nature. We recently found that two types of QLL phases appear that exhibit different morphologies (droplets and thin layers) [Sazaki G. et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(4):1052−1055]. However, revealing the thermodynamic stabilities of QLLs remains a longstanding elusive problem. Here we show that both types of QLLs are metastable phases that appear only if the water vapor pressure is higher than a certain critical supersaturation. We directly visualized the QLLs on ice crystal surfaces by advanced optical microscopy, which can detect 0.37-nm-thick elementary steps on ice crystal surfaces. At a certain fixed temperature, as the water vapor pressure decreased, thin-layer QLLs first disappeared, and then droplet QLLs vanished next, although elementary steps of ice crystals were still growing. These results clearly demonstrate that both types of QLLs are kinetically formed, not by the melting of ice surfaces, but by the deposition of supersaturated water vapor on ice surfaces. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that supersaturation of water vapor plays a crucially important role in the formation of QLLs.
机译：冰的表面覆盖着薄薄的液态水层，称为准液态层（QLLs），甚至低于其熔点（0°C），它控制着自然界的各种现象。最近我们发现出现了两种表现出不同形态（液滴和薄层）的QLL相[Sazaki G.等。 （2012）美国国家科学院院刊109（4）：1052-1055]。但是，揭示QLL的热力学稳定性仍然是一个长期存在的难题。在这里，我们表明两种类型的QLL都是亚稳相，仅当水蒸气压力高于某个临界过饱和度时才会出现。我们通过先进的光学显微镜直接观察了冰晶表面的QLL，可以检测到冰晶表面0.37 nm厚的基本台阶。在一定的固定温度下，随着水蒸气压力的降低，薄层QLL首先消失，然后液滴QLL消失，尽管冰晶的基本步骤仍在生长。这些结果清楚地表明，两种类型的QLL都是动态形成的，而不是通过冰面的融化而是通过过饱和水蒸气在冰面上的沉积而形成的。据我们所知，这是第一个实验证据，表明水蒸气的过饱和在QLL的形成中起着至关重要的作用。

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